The oldest archaeological museum in Ukraine, a research institute of the Department of History, Philosophy and Law of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, is part of the Southern Scientific Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the Ministry of Education of Ukraine. The main fund of the museum is the largest collection of sources on the ancient history of the Northern Black Sea, it includes more than 170 thousand archaeologists sources of ancient history of the South of Ukraine from the Stone Age to the Middle Ages, including 55 thousand coins, the only collection of monuments of Ancient Egypt in Ukraine, the largest collection of ancient rarities in the country.The best samples Antique sculptures are exhibited in the lobby of a house specially built for the Public Library in 1883. The first two halls display materials covering the period from the appearance of man to the II millennium BC. e. Of particular interest are finds from settlements and burial grounds of the cultures Gumelnytsia, Trypillya, Usatovo, underground burials and treasures of the Bronze Age, for example, the Antonovsky Treasure.